Tianyun electronic headset knowledge popularization

 

First, how is the headset classified?

 

1, according to the principle of transducer (Transducer)

 

Mainly in the dynamic (Dynamic) and electrostatic (Electrostatic) headphones two categories, although in addition to these two categories, there are several types of magnetic, but have been eliminated or used in professional use market is very small I will not discuss it here.

 

Dynamic ring earphone principle: At present, most (about 99%) earphone earphones belong to this class. The principle is similar to ordinary speakers. The coil in the permanent magnetic field is connected with the diaphragm, and the coil drives the diaphragm to sound under the signal current drive. Electrostatic earphones: The diaphragm is in a changing electric field. The diaphragm is extremely thin and accurate to a few micrometers (currently STAX's new generation of electrostatic earphone diaphragm has been accurate to 1.35 micrometers), and the coil drives the diaphragm to sound under the electric force.

 

2, according to the degree of openness

 

Mainly open, semi-open, closed (closed).

 

(1) Open type: Generally, it is natural to listen to, comfortable to wear, and is commonly seen in HIFI headphones for home use. The sound can be leaked, and vice versa. The external sound can also be heard. The earphones have less pressure on the ears.

 

(2) Semi-open type: There is no strict regulation. The sound can only be entered or not, and the corresponding adjustment can be made according to the needs.

 

(3) Closed type: The earmuffs have a large pressure on the ear to prevent sound from entering and exiting, and the sound is correctly positioned. This is the most common in the field of professional monitoring. However, this type of earphone has a disadvantage that the bass sound is seriously dyed, and the W100 is an obvious one. example.

 

3, by usage

 

Mainly Home, Portable, Monitor, Mix, Binaural Recording

 

Second, the headset related parameters

 

Impedance

 

Note the difference between the meaning of resistance and the meaning of resistance. In the world of direct current (DC), the effect of an object on current obstruction is called resistance, but in the field of alternating current (AC), in addition to resistance blocking current, capacitance and inductance also hinder current. Flow, this effect is called reactance, and our daily impedance is the sum of the resistance and the reactance in the vector.

 

Sensitivity

 

Point to the sound pressure level that the earphone can emit when inputting 1 mW of power to the earphone (the unit of sound pressure is decibel, the louder the louder the louder the volume), so the higher the sensitivity and the lower the impedance, the easier the earphones will sound. The easier it is to drive.

 

Frequency response (Frequency Response)

 

The sensitivity value corresponding to the frequency is the frequency response, and the image is the frequency response curve. The range that human hearing can reach is about 20Hz-20000Hz. The mature earphone technology has reached this requirement.

 

Third, the sound quality evaluation terminology

 

Range: The range between the highest and lowest notes of a musical instrument or vocal

 

Tone: Also known as a sound, one of the basic attributes of sound, such as erhu, 琵琶 is a different sound

 

Sound Dye: The opposite of the natural neutrality of music, that is, the sound is dyed with some features that the program itself does not have. For example, the sound that is heard in a jar is a typical sound. The sound dye indicates that some of the components are added (or reduced) in the reproduced signal, which is obviously a distortion.

 

Distortion: The output of the device cannot fully reproduce its input, resulting in distortion of the waveform or an increase or decrease in signal components. Dynamic: Allows recording of the ratio of the maximum information to the minimum information

 

Transient response: The ability of the equipment to follow burst signals in music. The equipment with good transient response should respond immediately when the signal comes, and the signal will stop when it stops, and it will never drag the water. (Typical instrument: piano)

 

Signal-to-noise ratio: Also known as the signal-to-noise ratio, the useful components of the signal are compared to the strength of the noise, often expressed in decibels. The higher the signal-to-noise ratio of the device, the less noise it produces.

 

Air Sense: An acoustic term used to indicate the treble or the spatial separation between instruments in the sound field. At this time, the high frequency response can be extended to 15 kHz to 20 kHz. The antonyms are "dull" and "thick".

 

Low frequency extension: refers to the lowest frequency that audio equipment can reproduce. It is used to determine the extent to which the sound system or speaker can dive when replaying the bass. For example, a small subwoofer can have a low frequency extension of 40 Hz, while a large subwoofer dive to 16 Hz.

 

Bright: refers to highlighting the high frequency range of 4kHz-8kHz, where the harmonics are relatively stronger than the fundamental. There is nothing wrong with the brightness itself. The live concerts have bright sounds. The problem is that the brightness is well controlled, and the brightness is too bright (or even whistling).

 

Fourth, on the relevant knowledge of amplifiers

 

1. General amplifiers can be divided into two types: transistor (stone machine) and electron tube (amplifier) ​​amplifier.

 

2. Amplifier: A general term for preamplifiers and power amplifiers.

 

(1) Power amplifier: referred to as power amplifier, an electronic device used to enhance the signal power to drive the sound of the speaker. A power amplifier without an accessory function such as source selection and volume control is called a post stage.

 

(2) Preamplifier: The preamplifier and control section before the amplifier is used to enhance the voltage amplitude of the signal, providing input signal selection, tone adjustment and volume control. The preamplifier is also called the preamplifier.

 

3, class A amplification (class-A): also known as class A amplification. A working state for the amplifier. At this point the transistor or tube amplifier will amplify the entire audio signal.

 

Class B amplification (class-B): Also known as Class B amplification. A working state for the amplifier. At this point one transistor or tube amplifier will amplify the positive half of the audio signal, while the other transistor or tube amplifier amplifies the negative half of the signal.

 

Class AB amplification: also known as class AB amplification. A working state of the amplifier. At this time, the output stage of the amplifier is in the Class A amplification state when the output power is low, and is converted to the Class B amplification when the output power is high.

 

4, on the headphone wire: Most of the headphone cable is made of copper, the general purity (usually expressed by a few N, such as 4N, 6N...) the higher the conductivity, the smaller the signal distortion, the common ones are:

 

TPC (electrolytic copper): purity is 99.5%

 

OFC (Oxygen Free Copper): 99.995% purity

 

LC-OFC (linear crystal oxygen-free copper or crystalline oxygen-free copper): purity above 99.995%

 

OCC (single crystal oxygen free copper): the highest purity, above 99.996%, divided into PC-OCC and UP-OCC

 

5, on the front-end equipment: Many HIFI enthusiasts used to separate the phonograph into two parts of the turntable and decoder to get better sound quality music.

 

Front-end: A signal source in a multi-finger audio system, such as an LP compact jogger or CD player, sometimes referred to as a preamp in a tuner (receiver) that processes signals received from the radio.

 

CD turntable: A machine that separates the mechanical transmission of the CD player.

 

D/A converter: A device that converts digital audio signals into analog audio signals in digital audio products such as CDs and DVDs. The D/A converter can be made as a stand-alone machine for use with the CD turntable, often referred to as a decoder (DAC).